704 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



REVENUE. 



Surplus of revenue of 1876 8,000,000 



Ordinary revenue : 



Domains, railroads, land-taxes, etc 81,290,000 



Extraordinary revenue : 



Customs 22,000,000 



Post 4,800,000 



Stamps 2,400,000 



Tax on spirits, etc 13,500,000 



Income-tax 8,200,000 



45,900,000 



Netprofitof the State Bank 900,000 



Total 86,090,000 



EXPENDITURE. 



Ordinary : 



Royal household 1,218,000 



Justice 8,726.700 



ForeignAffairs 609,300 



Army 16,949,500 



Navy 5,139,000 



Interior 14,434,600 



Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs. 8,707,253 



Finance 12,300,500 



Pensions 2,237,500 



The movement of shipping in 1875 was as 

 follows : 



65,322,8E3 



Extraordinary 11,476,647 



Expenditure through the Riksgaldskontor : 



Paying of loans 8,678,000 



Miscellaneous (Diet, etc.) 613,000 



9,291,000 



Total 86,090,000 



Besides the budget, the Eiksdag of 1877 

 voted 6,000,000 crowns for the construction ol 

 new railroads, 2,000,000 crowns to complete 

 the rolling-stock of the lines already opened 

 for traffic, while a loan of 2,000,000 crowns 

 was granted to private railroad companies for 

 1 878. These expenses were to he covered hy 

 loan. The expenditure for the army, church, 

 and for certain civil offices, is in part defrayed 

 out of the revenue of landed estates belonging 

 to the crown, and the amounts do not appear 

 in the budget estimates. To the expenditure 

 for foreign affairs, Norway contributes annually- 

 304,700 crowns, a sum not entered in the es- 

 timates. 



The public debt of Sweden on January 1, 

 1877, amounted to 176,169,737 crowns. 



The Swedish army in 1876 numbered 156,970 

 men. The navy in 1877 consisted of 40 steam- 

 ers of 5,693 horse-power and 152 guns, 10 sailing 

 vessels with 105 guns, and 87 smaller vessels. 



The imports and exports in 1875 were as fol- 

 lows (value in crowns) : 



II. NOEWAY. In Norway the executive is 

 represented by the King, who exercises his au- 

 thority through a Council of State, composed 

 of two Ministers of State and nine Councilors. 

 Two of the councilors, who are changed every 

 year, together with one of the ministers, form 

 a delegation of the Council of State, residing 

 at Stockholm, near the King. The Council of 

 State was composed as follows in 1877: F. 

 Stang (appointed 1873), Minister of State ; E. 

 T. Nissen (1875), Education and Worship ; C. 

 A. Selmer (1874), Justice; Nils Vogt (1871), 

 Interior; H. L. Helliesen (1863), Finance and 

 Customs; A. H. Munthe (1877), Army; Jens 

 Holmboe (1874), Navy and Post-Office; Jacob 

 Aall (pro tern.}, Revision of Public Accounts. 

 The delegation of the Council at Stockholm 

 consisted of O. R. Kjerulf (1871), Minister of 

 State ; J. C. Falsen (1869), and J. L. Johan- 

 sen (1872). The area of Norway is 122,280 

 square miles, and the population, according to 

 the census of 1875, 1,802,882, or 1,807,555 in- 

 clusive of sailors in Norwegian ports. (For an 

 account of the area and population of each of 

 the provinces of Norway, see ANNUAL CYCLO- 

 PEDIA for 1876.) 



The movement of population in 1876 was as 

 follows : marriages, 14,067 ; births, 58,229 ; 

 deaths, 34,608. 



The receipts for 1 875 amounted to 53,401,800 

 crowns (1 crown = $0.26^), and the expendi- 

 tures 44,691,800 crowns. The public debt, on 

 December 31, 1876, was 70,450,000 crowns. 

 The imports, in 1875, amounted to 176,913,000 

 crowns, and the exports to 103,494,000 crowns. 

 The war navy, in 1877, consisted of 32 steam- 

 ers of 2,750 horse-power and 156 guns, and 

 91 sailing vessels with 146 guns. The commer- 

 cial navy, in 1875, consisted of 7,814 vessels of 

 1,394,363 tons. The railroads in operation, in 

 1876, amounted to 590 kilometres. The number 

 of Government telegraph-stations, at the close 

 of 1876, was 109 ; length of lines, 7,026, and ot 

 wires, 12,970 kilometres. The number of in- 

 land dispatches sent was 471,062 ; of foreign 

 dispatches sent, 117,777 ; and of foreign dis- 

 patches received, 134,489; making a total of 

 723,328. The railroad telegraphs are not in- 

 cluded in these figures. (See ANNUAL CYCLO- 

 PAEDIA for 1876.) The number of post-offices, 

 in 1876, was 824. The number of inland let- 

 ters sent was 7,846,840, of which 745,322 



* 1 Swedish last = 8.27 English tons. 



