SWITZERLAND. 



705 







GOTHENBURG. 



were money letters with 177,000,000 crowns. 

 The number of foreign letters sent and re- 

 ceived was 3,357,280, of which 38,830 were 

 money letters with 11,000,000 crowns. The 

 number of newspapers sent was 8,798,387. 



The parliamentary proceedings in both Swe- 

 den and Norway were entirely of a local char- 

 acter and unimportant. 



Among the works of the year containing in- 

 formation on Norway are Dr. O. J. Broch's 

 "Norway and the Norwegians" (Christiania, 

 1877).. 



SWITZERLAND, a republic of Central Eu- 

 rope, consisting of twenty-two cantons, three 

 of which are divided each into two inde- 

 pendent half-cantons. The President of the 

 Federal Council for 1877 was Dr. J. Heer, of 

 Glarus, and the Vice-President, Dr. C. Schenck, 

 of Berne. The area of Switzerland is 15,981 

 square miles ; the population, according to an 

 official estimate, was 2,759,854 on July 1, 1876. 

 The area and population of the different cantons 

 were as follows : 



Of the total number of inhabitants, 1,348,- 

 914 were males, and 1,410,940 were females. 



The movement of population in 1876 was: 

 22,376 marriages, 90,786 births, and 66,816 

 deaths. 



The total revenue of the Confederation for 

 1876 amounted to 42,277,141 francs, and the 

 expenditures to 43,462,625 francs. The bad- 

 get for 1877 estimated the receipts at 42,972,- 

 300 francs, and the expenditures at 43,900,800 

 francs. The liabilities of the republic amounted, 

 at the close of 1876, to 81,124,917 franc*, as 

 set-off against which there was Federal prop- 

 erty amounting to 85,725,480 francs. 



For railroads, post-offices, etc., ue ANNUAL 

 CYCLOPEDIA, 1870. 



CAITLK OP CUILLON. 



The Federal Assembly met on March fith. On 

 March 14th, the Standorath, or Cantonal Coun- 

 cil, enacted the law, previously adopted b? the 

 Nationalrath, for the protection of children 

 working in factories. On March i5tb a law 

 was enacted providing for the taxation of tboae 

 exempt from military duty. The 



VOL. xvn. 45 A 



