xxii ARISTO CRA C Y AND E VOL UTION 



PAGB 



Let us turn to the facts of progress, ..... 217 



and begin with economic progress and progress in knowledge . . 218 

 In the case of economic progress we must apply the method of 

 inquiring what is produced by labour' with and without the 

 assistance of the great man . . . . .218 



To the question of progress in knowledge we must apply the method of 



inquiring what faculties are involved in it . . . . 219 



These are faculties entirely confined to the few . . . 219 

 And now let us turn to political government . . . .220 



What can the faculties of average men do when left to themselves ? . 220 



They can accomplish only the simplest actions, . . . 220 

 and formulate only the simplest demands . . . .221 



The moment matters become at all complex the faculties of the 



exceptional man are required . . . . .221 



Now in any civilised country few governmental measures are really 



simple ........ 222 



Exceptional men must simplify them for the many . . . 222 

 Thus the voice of the many, in all complex cases, echoes the voice of 



the few ........ 223 



This, however, is not the end of the matter ; . . . . 224 



for the details of governmental measures are not the whole of govern- 

 ment ........ 224 



The true power of democracy is to be seen in religious and family life 224 



Though the influence of the great man in religion is enormous, . 225 

 yet religions have only grown and endured because they touch the heart 



of the average man ...... 225 



Christianity exemplifies this fact, ..... 225 



and especially Catholicism . . . . . . 226 



The doctrines formulated by the aristocracy of Popes and Councils 



originated among the mass of common believers . . . 227 

 Theologians and councils merely reasoned on the materials thus given 



them ........ 228 



Catholicism shows the great part played by the many so clearly, because 



the part played by the few is defined by it so sharply . . 228 

 Catholicism, however, is only alluded to here because it illustrates the 



essential nature of truly democratic action . . . 229 

 Thus enlightened by it, let us turn back to family life . . . 230 

 Catholicism shows that democracy is a natural coincidence of con- 

 clusions ........ 231 



