34 ARISTOCRA CY AND E VOL UTION 



Book i of his readers to the most important of his own con- 

 clusions arrived at in preceding chapters as to this 

 section of his subject. Having reminded us of how 

 he started with the " external factors" and how he 

 had shown the ways namely those we have just 

 glanced at in which they co-operated to produce 

 civilisation, " our attention" he proceeds, "was then 

 directed to the internal factors " ; and what he had 

 to tell us, he says, about the internal factors was as 

 their primitive follows : " An account was first given of 'Primitive 

 no^them' to Man physical' showing that by stature, structure, 

 strength . . . he was ill fitted for overcoming tlie 

 difficulties in the way of advance. Then examina- 

 tion of ' The Primitive Man emotional' led us to 

 see that his imprudence and his explosiveness, re- 

 strained but little by sociality and the altruistic 

 sentiments, rendered him unfit for co-operation. 

 And then, in the chapter on 'Primitive Man intel- 

 lectual? we saw that while adapted by its active and 

 acute perceptions to the needs of a wild life, his type 

 of mind was deficient in the faculties required for 

 progress in knowledge." Then, having referred to 

 the long explanation given by him of the rise of 

 man's religious belief, Mr. Spencer goes on to say 

 that these primitive human characteristics constitute 

 the internal factors, with which sociology starts, and 

 tin u was that the business of this science is to explain the 

 prowdby'the evolution of all those subsequent "phenomena 

 marriage and resulting from their combined actions" Of these 

 eTedaii^of P nenomena tne chief, he says, are the following- 

 monogamy, monogamy as evolved from polygamy, polyandry, 



