WAR AND THE E VOL UTION OF GO VERNMENT 37 



And how is this process of " recompounding" Book i 

 accomplished ? Mr. Spencer answers it is ac- 

 complished by one means only, and that is the co- and the recom- 

 operation forced on them by war for some common 



interest. Other tribes threaten to attack their ^ e r fe p n u c r e p r ses of 



territory, or they are desirous of appropriating the 



territory of other tribes. Separately they are na t ion ; 



powerless. The only course open to them is to 



band themselves together and submit themselves 



to a common leader. In cases where such wars are 



short, as observation of savage tribes shows us, the 



rudimentary nation with its rudimentary discipline 



dissolves and disappears as soon as the wars are 



over ; but when the state of warfare is prolonged by aii government 



, r i i M- i i i being in its 



the rivalry of other societies, the military leadership origin military. 

 develops into a permanent centralised authority ; 

 and from this military government, with its " coercive 

 institutions" national existence and all forms of 

 government spring. 



And here Mr. Spencer's argument takes a new But as the arts 



, , 1*1 of life progress, 



departure and carries us on to the point where we industry gradu- 



shall be compelled to leave it. As governments 



and civilisations have advanced, he says, they have 



taken two forms that in which the original military and becomes 



J its own master, 



element still continues to preponderate, and that and also forms 

 in which the military element becomes gradually political demo- 

 subordinate to the industrial. " The former" he cr 

 says, "in its developed form is organised on the 

 principle of compulsory organisation, whilst the 

 latter in its developed form, is organised on the 

 principle of voluntary co-operation " ; and the latter 



