THE EMANCIPA TION OF IND USTR Y 39 



which we may call " internuncial, through which the Book i 

 various structures (i.e. manufacturing firms, etc.} 

 receive from one another stimuli or checks, caused 

 by rises and falls in the consumption of their respec- 

 tive products. . . . Markets in the chief towns show 

 dealers the varying relations of supply and demand ; 

 and the reports of these transactions, diffused by the 

 press, prompt each locality to increase or decrease of 

 its special functions. . . . That is to say, there has 

 arisen, in addition to the political regulating system, 

 an industrial regulating system, which carries on its 

 co-ordinating function independently a separate 

 plexus of connected ganglia." 



We have now looked at social evolution, as the NOW, if we 

 product of both those sets of causes the ' 'external these con- 



factors" and the "internal" by which Mr. Spencer 

 explains it, and have followed it, under both aspects, 

 from the earliest beginnings of progress to the 

 dawn and development of civilisation, such as history 

 knows it. Our account of Mr. Spencer's theory of 

 the ascent of man and society is necessarily very 

 incomplete ; but the various conclusions mentioned we shall find 



. i r l h em a ^ to ^ 



in it may be said to be exhaustively typical ot conclusions 

 the conclusions of social science as Mr. Spencer g at e ^ a a s ggr 

 conceives of it. -* 



And now let us consider what the nature of those of aggregates. 

 conclusions is. We shall find that they are, one and 

 all of them, conclusions with regard to aggregates. 

 All the phenomena with which they deal are 

 phenomena not of individuals, not of different classes, 

 but of masses of men, communities, races, nations, 



