DEMAND FOR RESULTS AND FOR MEANS 243 



of beer ; nor is it the true counterpart to such a Book in 

 demand ; for the beer is demanded for its own 

 sake, but laws and policies are not. They are The demand 

 demanded for the sake of certain results on social the counter" 01 

 life which, by various processes of reasoning, those demand^*- 

 who demand them have been led to believe that Commodities, 



for commodi- 



they will produce ; and it is the results of laws and ties are de- 

 policies, not the laws and policies themselves, which their own 

 are in the political sphere what commodities are in tSl'akToV 

 the economic, and for which alone the demand is their results - 

 purely and genuinely democratic. The multitudes of 

 men who were led to demand the abolition of the 

 corn laws were not led to do so because the 

 actual process of abolishing them was profitable 

 or pleasurable in itself, but because they believed 

 it would mean a larger loaf on their breakfast- 

 tables. It was in the demand for the loaf that the 

 many were spontaneously unanimous, and expressed 

 their own views, not those of anybody else. Their 

 unanimity in demanding the measure was produced 

 by the arguments of an intellectual oligarchy, and 

 could not have been produced without them. 

 Thus whilst the demand for the larger loaf was The demand 

 equivalent to a demand for a particular kind of a demand that 

 beer, the demand for the law was equivalent to a shouMbemade 

 demand that the brewer should employ some novel ^ nd 2? special 

 appliances for brewing, with the merits of which machinery, 

 they were acquainted only through the puffs and 

 explanations of the patentee. 



There is therefore a great difference between 

 political demand and economic. Economic demand 



