30 ORANGE CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. 



off ten or twelve feet at each end of one side from the line of 

 the fence or hedge that surrounds the orchard, or is to surround 

 it. Measure off a corresponding line on the opposite side. Set 

 pegs twenty or twenty-four feet apart on the lines already 

 marked, and on the tivo sides of the field at right angles to 

 them. If there be at one end a space less than the required 

 distance, it can be regulated by setting the outside pegs nearer 

 the fence or farther from it. It is better, however, to make the 

 necessary mathematical calculations before setting any pegs. 

 Ten acres in a square form equals forty rods square or six hun- 

 dred and sixty feet. Deducting ten feet from each side leaves 

 six hundred and forty feet square; six hundred and forty feet 

 equals thirty-two spaces of^twenty feet each. This gives thirty- 

 three trees on a side, or ten hundred and eighty-nine trees on 

 ten acres. 



At twenty-four feet apart there would be twenty-seven spaces 

 and six fet outside of the outside trees. To illustrate : six hun- 

 dred and sixty divided by twenty-four equals twenty-seven, with 

 a remainder of twelve ; and the remainder must always be di- 

 vided by two to make the allowance equal on each of the oppo- 

 site sides. This would make twenty-eight trees on a side, or 

 seven hundred and eighty-four on ten acres in a square. As 

 six feet would be too near a line fence to set trees, eighteen feet 

 would have to be allowed outside of the outside rows. This 

 would leave twenty-six spaces, or seven hundred and twenty- 

 nine trees on ten acres in a square. 



Having set pegs on the outside lines, crosswise of the plat 

 stretch a wire on which are tags at the required distance apart. 

 Be careful to make the wire straight when stretching it. If the 

 distance across the plat be considered too great for convenience, 

 establish a line at a convenient distance from one of the base 

 lines previously marked. A man will be required at each end 

 of the wire to straighten it, and, if it be very long, one in the 

 center. Set a peg at each tag on the wire, then remove the 

 wire to the next row, and continue in this manner until the 

 whole plat shall have been staked off. While staking, as 

 already described, or afterward, complete the staking as fol- 

 lows : Take a piece of board about four feet long and four 



