showing that this particular modification of the arrangement of the ena- 

 mel takes place in the part of the tooth nearest to the root, as the other 

 specimens, that from Wellsbourn, and that whose surface is represented 

 Plate XX. Fig. 5, show that it exists in the crown of the tooth. From 

 this peculiarity of structure being found to exist in three different spe- 

 cimens, I conceive that it cannot be regarded as an accidental difference; 

 and from the considerable difference which exists between this arrange- 



o 



ment of the enamel and that which occurs in the teeth of the living spe- 

 cies, and of the common fossil species, I trust it will be admitted as being 

 likely to be one of the characteristics of a species which has not yet been 

 remarked. 



M. Cuvier, anxious to discover the degree of accordance of the fossil 

 elephant's skeleton with that of the living species, compared the fossil 

 skull found in Siberia by Messerschmidt, a figure of which is given by 

 Breyn, in the fortieth volume of the Philosophical Transactions, with 

 those of the African and Asiatic elephants. The result of his comparison 

 was, that in the fossil species the alveoli of the tusks are much longer ; 

 the zygomatic arch is of a different figure ; the post-orbital apophysis of 

 the frontal bone is longer, more pointed, and more crooked ; and the tu- 

 bercle of the os lachrymalis is considerably larger, and more projecting. 

 To these peculiarities of the fossil skull, M. Cuvier thinks, may be added 

 the parallelism of the molares. 



The lower jaws of the fossil species of elephants accord with the pe- 

 culiarity of form observable in the skull. From the teeth in this, as well 

 as in the upper jaw, being placed nearly parallel with each other, the 

 vacuity between the branches of the jaw, at its fore part, is wider, in pro- 

 portion to its length, than is the case in either the Asiatic or African 

 jaws. In the existing species of elephants the lower jaw terminates in 

 rather a pointed apophysis, room to admit of the motion of which is 

 yielded by the separation of the tusks. But in the fossil skull the alveoli 

 of the tusks descend much lower, so that they would interfere with the 

 motion of the lower jaw, unless prevented by some accordant modifica- 



