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however much shorter and less acute than in the elephant; that the 

 posterior angle, although obtuse, is defined, and not rounded off as in 

 the elephant; and that the arms or branches of the jaw, formed of 

 the condyloid and coronoid processes, and their hases, are shorter and 

 flatter than in the elephant, as is required by the peculiar form of the 

 upper jaw. 



No perfect specimen of the skull of this animal has been hitherto 

 found ; but, from the fragment in the possession of M. Camper, and 

 from that of Mr. Peale, it appears, 1. That in the mastodon the grinders, 

 in the upper jaw, diverge forwards; whereas, in the common elephants, 

 they converge more or less; arid in the fossil elephant, or mammoth of 

 the Russians, they are nearly parallel. The hog and the hippopotamus 

 approach the mastodon a little in this respect. 2. The bony palate 

 extends considerably beyond the last tooth. The Ethiopian sow is the 

 only herbivorous animal which resembles the mastodon in this respect. 

 3. The pterygoidal apophyses of the palate-bones are of a thickness un- 

 paralleled among the quadrupeds. 4. The notch before this apophysis 

 has some agreement with that of the hippopotamus, which is however 

 narrower. 5. That there is no trace of any orbit in the zygomatic arch; 

 but that where the orbit occurs, in the elephant, is a large mass of bone; 

 so that the eye must have been placed much higher in this animal than 

 in the elephant. 6. That the maxillary bones have a less vertical eleva- 

 tion than in the elephant. 7. That, hence, the zygomatic arch is less 

 raised behind, agreeable to the conformation of the lower jaw ; and, of 

 course, the position of the ear varies from that which takes place in the 

 elephant. 8. From this proportion results the difference in the situation of 

 the occipital condyles in the two animals; they being raised considerably 

 above the level of the palate in the elephant, and nearly on the same level 

 with it in the mastodon. With respect to the large cells, from which 

 proceeds so great a degree of thickness in the skull of the elephant, there 

 seems to be every reason for supposing that these existed in a similar 

 manner in this animal. Of the form of the head nothing certain is as yet 



