423 



inner edge, three or four middling sized eminences, which are sometimes 

 very much reduced. The posterior extremity is merely crenated. This 

 tooth has four roots, the foremost conical, two lateral, rather compressed, 

 and one behind very much so. Plate XXII. Fig. 2. represents this 

 tooth of its natural size, as found in the caverns, as were all the speci- 

 mens from which the following figures were taken. The penultimate, or 

 middle upper grinder, is rectangular, and has two large conical emi- 

 nences on the outer side, three of which are less marked on the inner . 

 side, and one small one on the outer side behind. It has three roots, 

 two external, and one stronger internal. Plate XXII. Fig. 3. The ante- 

 penultimate, or foremost grinder, is triangular, with three conical emi- 

 nences, two external and one internal. Plate XXII. Fig. 4. 



Before this tooth, in the existing species of bears, is a small simple 

 tooth ; and after a certain interval, and almost under the canine tooth, is 1 

 another smaller. 



In the lower jaw, the hindmost is a roundish oval : its crown is irre- 

 gularly wrinkled, without distinct tubercles. It has but one root, which 

 seems to be continuous with the crown, and is always compressed ; one 

 or two grooves giving the appearance of the commencement of a divi- 

 sion, Plate XXII. Fig. 5. The penultimate is, in this jaw, the largest 

 tooth ; it is rectangular, and irregularly embossed : four or five emi- 

 nences may be counted on the internal border, and four on the external, 

 two of which are most marked. There is a transverse rising from the 

 largest external eminence to the internal. This tooth has two roots; 

 one conical, standing forwards ; the other stronger and compressed in the 

 back part. Plate XXII. Fig. 6. The antepenultimate is more narrow 

 than the preceding, and has its eminences more strongly marked : these 

 are, one forwards, then one external, answering to two internal ; then 

 three behind, forming a triangle, and sometimes four. It has but two 

 roots, one before and one behind. Plate XXII. Fig. 7. The foremost 

 lower grinder is short, and a little compressed. It has a strong conical 

 eminence in the middle, a low one forwards, and two small ones on the 

 inner side behind. It has but two roots. Plate XXII. Fig. 8. One, and 



