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sometimes two very small teeth, are found at the root of the canine teeth, 

 as in the upper jaw, in the existing species of these animals. The fossil 

 canine tooth is represented of its natural size, Plate XXII. Fig. 9. 



The teeth which are found in the fossil jaws differ from those of the 

 recent animals only in their being larger and less worn down. But a 

 more striking difference between the teeth of the bear of the caverns 

 and the existing bears is, that the former has very rarely the small molar 

 tooth, or teeth, immediately behind the canine tooth, whilst the latter 

 possess it at every age. Another, and a still more constant difference, 

 is the small molar tooth placed immediately before the first large grinder 

 in the upper jaw. Neither this tooth, nor its alveolus, has been seen by 

 M. Cuvier in any of the fossil skulls, nor does it appear to have been seen 

 by any other writer on these fossils. 



The examination of the teeth determine the skulls found in these 

 caves to have belonged to the genus bear : the general conformation 

 of the skulls also show it, and at the same time manifest those characters 

 which belong to the great family of carnivorous animals such as a 

 transverse and partly cylindrical condyle, a large and elevated coronoid 

 apophysis, a zygomatic arch, very convex outwardly and rising upwards, 

 with an orbit incomplete in the back part, and there confounded with 

 the temporal fossa. 



The fossil skulls found in these caverns appear to be of two species. 

 The one has a strong rising of the forehead from the root of the nose, 

 with two bumps on the forehead, a great length of the sagittal ridge, 

 and a considerable projection and speedy approximation of the temporal 

 cristae. The other has the forehead flat, approaching in this respect to 

 that of the black bear of America, but being a third larger : the vertical 

 elevation of these skulls is also less, and the muzzle is longer; neither do 

 they possess those three small teeth which are frequently found in the 

 skull of that animal. M. Cuvier indeed concludes that the two species 

 of skulls found in these caverns differ from all recent skulls, and equally 

 as much from each other. 



The under jaws found in the caverns also show, that here are the 



