448 



On this chalk is deposited a thick stratum of WHITE SAND, over which 

 is a sand of a darker colour, arjd above this various thin strata, or 

 patches, of MARL, SHELLS, SANDSTONE, COARSE LIMESTONE, FRAGMENTS 

 OF SHELLS, PEBBLES, &c. The sand and several of these strata exist in 

 the neighbourhood of Woolwich, and may be distinctly traced through 

 different parts of Kent ; but do not appear to have been examined in 

 the other parts of the island. The shells of these strata are chiefly of 

 the genera calyptr&a, cerithium, pleurotomia, natica, and cyclas ; but from 

 their fragile and mutilated state, many of the species or even genera, 

 cannot be made out. In these shells a considerable approach is 

 observable to the shells of the present ocean. 



Above this is the stratum of CLAY, employed round the metropolis for 

 brick and tile making, containing septaria of different sizes, lying hori- 

 zontally in parallel lines. In this stratum are found pleurotomitz, ceri- 

 thitte, similar to those of the preceding stratum, the shells figured by 

 Brander, as Hampshire fossils, nautilitx, an immense number of fruits, 

 fossil wood, and the numerous other remains noticed by Jacobs and 

 others as Shepey fossils. Similar fossils with those obtained at Shepey 

 and in Hampshire, have been also found in this stratum, at Kew and at 

 Highgate. At the latter of these places, and at Shepey, a resinous sub- 

 stance has been also found, which yields, on friction, a peculiar aromatic 

 odour. 



At Walton, near Harwich, as has been already noticed, the remains of 

 several quadrupeds have been found. There have been obtained the re- 

 mains of the elephant, rhinoceros, Irish fossil elk, hippopotamus, o.r, stag, 

 &c. Those which I found myself were on the beach, and the others 

 I had been taught to suppose had been dug out of the blue clay. This, 

 however, I have been led to doubt from the kind communications of the 

 late Mr. William Trimmer. This gentleman ascertained that the bones 

 of the elephant, hippopotamus, &c. found at Kew, were imbedded beneath 

 sandy gravel, on a BED OF CALCAREOUS EARTH, from one foot to nine 

 feet in thickness; that these remains. were not found in any parts to 



