NURTURE AND NATURE 27 



unless there is a fairly well marked correlation It will 

 not be sufficient to affect our results greatly. 



I divided parents Into three classes: (i) both 

 parents drink, (2) one parent drinks, (3) neither 

 parent drinks, and the wages Into four groups : 

 (i) under iSs. a week, (2) iSs. — 24^. Inclusive, 

 (3) 26s. to 34i-., (4) 36^. and over 365-. The corre- 

 lation coefficient found by the fourfold method 

 between the drinking of one or both parents and 

 a high wage is '03, which means that there Is 

 practically no connection between drinking of the 

 parents and a high wage. The means show the 

 same thing — the mean wage when both parents 

 drink is 2^s. Sd., when one parent drinks Is 255. 6^., 

 and when neither parent drinks is 25^. 5^. — there 

 is a slightly lower wage when both parents drink 

 and a very slightly higher when one parent drinks, 

 but we cannot attach any Importance to a difference 

 of i^. I tried to find from the Manchester special 

 schools what was the connection between wages 

 and drink, but the wages are very seldom given 

 when the father drinks. From the few cases where 

 they are given I found the average wage of a drink- 

 ing father to be 23^. yd., and of a non-drinking father 

 to be 235'. 4<'/., I.e. a slightly higher wage for the 

 drinking father in Manchester, but the numbers are 

 too few for the results to be considered of much 

 importance. If wage then Is an estimate of ability 

 and physique we may say that the ability and 

 physique of the drinking workman is about the 

 average, and we can state with greater confidence 

 that the " well-known fact " that drinking has a bad 



