THE WALK. 



77 



the lower circle at h; quitting the latter again, after 

 passing round i, at k, and thence proceeding towards 

 the outer small circle ; entering at /, going round and 

 entering the inner circle at e, passing round, and 

 quitting it at/, to return again to a, by entering the 

 upper circle at m. These exercises may 

 be diversified in various ways ; the pupil, 

 for instance, may perform the upper cir- 

 cle, and one or both of the pair below, 

 return to the upper circle, cross from 

 that, diagonally, to the lower circle, quit 

 it, at h or A-, to perform one of the mid- 

 dle circles, return to the lower circle 

 again, pass thence to the other middle 

 circle, and quit it at c or f (as the case 

 may happen), to return to the upper circle 

 again. Nothing can be more beneficial 

 than this variety of action ; it tends at once 

 to confirm the pupil in her seat ; to exercise her in her 

 balance and aids ; and to render the horse obedient : 

 while, if he be kept in only one direction, he will per- 

 form the figure mechanically, without either improving 

 his own mouth and action, or the rider's hands, aids, or 

 balance. 



In the art of riding, working on a circle is called 

 a volt; in angles, or a zig-zag direction, changes reverse ; 

 and on half a circle from a line, a demi-volt. These 

 figures may first be performed separately ; but there 



