PLANTING IN FRAMES. 123 



per cent, although this is heavier than it ought to 

 be. For ten thousand plants, therefore, it would 

 be necessary to have a reserve of at least one 

 thousand plants to draw upon. 



When frames alone are used the plants can be 

 set in two ways: First, the frames themselves can 

 be put down where they are to stay and the plants 

 set in rows eight by nine inches, as already 

 described; second, the frames can be made, as 

 already described, in sixteen foot lengths and 

 stored until wanted. The plants are then set 

 directly in the open, nine inches apart in the row, 

 the rows being just long enough so that the 

 frame will fit over them. There are so many 

 objections to these methods and the obstacles to 

 overcome are so great that we do not recommend 

 them except in violet farming. Shade here is of 

 the greatest importance during the summer and 

 where the plants are grown in open frames or 

 without frames this can only be brought about by 

 using lath screens or something similar. The 

 screens when made should not be too dense and 

 should be raised at least four feet above the 

 plants. In southern California violets are grown 

 the whole season with no other protection than 

 screens, made of laths, raised about eight feet 

 above the plants. The flowers are shipped to Los 

 Angeles and other points and are of fair quality 



After the planting is completed and every- 

 thing about the place has been cleaned up and put 



