150 



COMPAEATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



FIG. 115. Skeleton of the Tortoise (plastron removed): o, cervical vertebrae; e, dor- 

 sal vertebrae ; d, ribs; e, marginal bones of the carapace; I, scapula; k, precora- 

 coid; 6, coracoid;/, pelvis; i, femur; g, tibia ; A, fibula. 



Pio. 116. Skeleton of a Vulture : 1, craninm the parts of which are separable only 

 In the chick ; 2, cervical vertebrae ; 3, dorsal ; 4, coccygeal, or caudal ; the lumbar 

 and sacral are consolidated; 6, ribs; 6, sternum, or breast-bone, extraordinarily 

 developed; 7, fnrculnm, clavicle, or "wish-bone;" S, coracoid; 9, scnpnla; 10, 

 hmnerus; 11, ulna, with rudimentary radius; 12, metacarpals ; 13, phalanges of 

 the great digit of the wing; 19, thumb ; 14, pelvis ; 15, femur ; 16, tibia-tarsus and 

 fibula, or cms; 17, tarso-metatarsus ; 18, internal digit, or toe, formed of three 

 phalanges ; the middle toe has four phalanges ; the outer, five ; and the back toe, 

 or thumb, two. 



