292 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



sands in the winged Insects). They are never placed on 



movable stalks, as the 

 Lobster's. Besides 

 these, there are three 

 simple eyes, called 

 ocelli. The mouth 

 may be fitted for bit- 

 e, jng (masticatory), as 

 in Beetles, or for suck- 

 ing (suctorial), as in 

 Butterflies. The mas- 

 ticatory type, which 

 is the more complete, 

 and of which the other 

 ~~~y is but a modification, 

 consists of four horny 

 jaws (mandibles and 

 maxillce) and an up- 

 per and an under lip 

 (labrum and lalium). 

 Sensitive palpi (max- 

 illary and labial) are 

 developed from the 

 lower jaw and lower 

 lip. The labium is 

 also prolonged into a 

 ligula, or tongue. 

 The legs are invari- 



Fio. 262. -Under surface of a Beetle (Harpalut eali- 

 ginotus) : a, lignla ; b, paraglossse ; c, supports of 



labial palpi; d, labial palpus; , mentum; /, in- ^i t ^_ a d n lf 

 ner lobe of maxilla; g, outer lobe; h, maxillary a V bIX 1U tue <*ulllt, 



palpus ; f, mandible ; k, buccal opening ; I, gnla, fag fore - legs direct- 

 or throat: m, bnccal sutures; n, gnlar snture; o, 

 prosternum ; p, episternnm of prothorax ; p', epi- ed forward and the 

 meron ; q, q 1 , q", coxae ; r, r, r, trochanters ; 8, 

 i/, s", femora, or thighs ; t, t', t", tibae ; v, ventral 

 abdominal segments ; tc, episternaof mesothorax ; 

 x, mesosternnm ; y, eplsterna of metathorax ; y', 

 epimeron ; z, metasteruum. 



hinder pairs back- 

 ward. Each consists 

 of a hip, thigh, shank, 

 and foot. 11 * Some larvae have also " false legs," without 



