352 COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



Ungulates Hog, Hippopotamus, and "Ruminants have 

 two or four toes. The Hog nixl Hippopotamus have the 



Fio. 344. Indiuir Rhinoceros (R. unicornis\ 



four kinds of teeth, and, in the wild state, are vegetarian. 

 The Ruminants have two toes on each foot, enveloped in 

 hoofs which face each other by a flat side, so that they ap- 

 pear to be a single hoof split or " cloven." Usually there 

 are also two supplementary hoofs behind, but they do not 

 ordinarily touch the ground. All chew the cud, and have 

 a complicated stomach. They have incisors in the lower 

 jaw only, and these are apparently eight ; but the two 

 outer ones are canines. 180 The molars are flat, typical 

 grinders. The dental formula of the Ox is 



/l s^i' r^r' * imr 3^1 = 



With few exceptions, as the Camel, all Ruminants have 

 horns, which are always in pairs. Those of the Deer are 

 solid, bony, and deciduous; those of the Giraffe and An- 



