1 62 Materia-Medica. 



CLYSTERS, ENEMAS, OR INJECTIONS. 



Clysters are of two kinds, fluid and gaseous. The first 

 are used for unloading the rectum, and to convey nutri- 

 tious fluids within it for the support of the system when 

 reduced by wasting disease ; gaseous enemas are effective 

 in allaying spasm in colic, &c. 



Fluid enemas are thus constituted : — 



1. Warm water, 90 to ioo° F., a pailful ; soft or hard 

 soap, \ lb. Rub the soap down to solution, and inject 

 1 or more quarts as required. 



2. Common salt may be substituted for the soap, when 

 a direct irritant effect is desired. 



Medicated enemas consist of some remedy added to 

 lukewarm water, gruel or linseed mucilage. 



3. Flour or oatmeal gruel, 1 quart ; spirits of nitrous 

 ether, 2 fluid oz. Useful when the animal cannot take 

 food. 



4. Tincture of opium, 1 fluid oz. j powdered catechu, 

 4 drms. ; solution of starch, as used in the laundry, 

 thickened by boiling, 1 quart. 



5. Gaseous enema. — Tobacco smoke generated in a 

 suitable apparatus attached to the patent syringe, and 

 passed into the rectum. When needful, the anti- spasmo- 

 dic effect may be increased by adding opium, or asafce- 

 tida. 



Various forms of apparatus are employed for adminis- 



Enema Funnel. 



tering clysters, some ot which are intended for other 

 purposes also, and are too expensive for the amateur's 

 purpose. The simplest and most efficacious is the 

 strong tin funnel, a figure of which is annexed. The 



