130 EXCESSIVE RASPING BAD. 



the toe inside. As the foot now grows, the shoe will be 

 carried to that side and forward, leaving the inside quarter 

 free, thereby making both quarters as independent of the 



(No, 12.) Ground Surface— Position of Nails. 



restraint of the shoe as it is possible to do. Any increase 

 in the number of nails to retain the shoe more firmly must 

 not imply freedom to drive them back in the quarters. Let 

 the holes be punched closer together in the toe. 



EXCESSIVE RASPING BAD. 



Care should be used not to file too deeply under the 

 clinches, as is common; and in finishing off, the file should 

 not be touched above the clinches, and below only enough 

 to round the toe a little. There is a penchant in most 

 smiths to improve the shape of the foot by rasping and fil- 

 ing the whole surface to the hair. The outside of the hoof 

 is much more dense and hard than the inside; the small 

 spaces between the fibres of the horn are filled with a soft 



