ON MILK AND MILK-TESTING 7 



5. In cold weather flavors and odors can be de- 

 tected more readily if milk and cream is warmed up 

 by steam. 

 . 6. By the use of a fermentation test. 



7. For adulteration by the use of a lactometer. 



8. Samples can be taken for fat-testing in the 

 Babcock test. 



Where is milk secreted? 



In the mammary glands of all mammals which 

 suckle their young. 



Describe a mammary gland system of a cow. 



A cow possesses two mammary glands situated 

 on either side of the median line of the body on the 

 under and hind part, and each gland is divided into 

 two parts, called lobes. Each gland is composed of 

 glandular tissue, being constructed largely of blood 

 vessels and epithelial cells. Each of the four lobes 

 has a small duct opening through which milk is 

 carried after secretion to the teat outlets. 



Describe the udder of a cow. 



The udder is the milk reservoir of the cow, and 

 is situated between her hind legs on the posterior 

 part of the abdomen. It varies in size and shape 

 and also in structure. The udder is composed of 

 glandular tissue such as fatty tissue, milk ducts and 

 canals, secreting cells, arteries, veins, lymphatics, 

 nerves, and connective tissue which binds all 

 the other tissues together. The glands are sup- 

 ported from the abdomen by a heavy band of 

 fibrous tissue which extends from the abdomen 

 through the udder in the median line. The whole 



