20 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 



Milk sugar 13.84% 



Cane sugar 36.22% 



Ash 2.19% 



What is milk powder? 



Milk that has been evaporated to dryness and 

 then placed in a machine which reduces the dried 

 milk to a finely powdered condition. 



What is standardized milk? 



Most states have a standard of quality to which 

 milk must comply before being sold as whole milk. 

 Some states have a law which requires that milk 

 must contain at least 3.5 per cent fat and at least 

 12 per cent total solids. Some breeds of cows do 

 not give milk that tests that high, so it is necessary 

 to add some cream or take away some skim milk. 

 This process is known as standardizing. At the 

 same time, in some states, milk must comply with 

 a law which says milk must not be adulterated. 



How can the amount of milk or cream necessary 

 for standardizing be determined? 

 This problem has been made easy by the use of a 

 formula and square devised by R. A. Pearson, com- 

 missioner of agriculture in New York state. Draw 

 a square and write at the two left-hand corners the 

 percentages of fat in the milk and the cream or 

 skim milk that is to be mixed with it. In the cen- 

 ter write the percentage of fat desired. The dif- 

 ference between the figures in the center and the 

 figures at the left are placed on the right-hand cor- 

 ners with which they stand in line. The figures 

 at the two right-hand corners then represent the 



