Plate 9. 

 Represents the muzzle mentioned at page 51. 



Fig. 1 sJioios it in its jiositio^i on the horse's head. 



a. b. mark the openmg, which should be determined by the 

 distance from the front of the nose across to the 

 back of the jaw bone at about two or three inches 

 above the angle of the mouth. It is not necessaiy, 

 that the head should go deeper into it ; but 

 it is essential, that the bottom of the muzzle 

 should hang fully three inches below the lips, as 

 shown at c, obliging the horse fairly to deposit 

 the muzzle, before he can reach the bottom of it 

 with his lips ; in doing which the weight of the 

 muzzle, and the pressure he will make upon it, 

 will effectually flatten the straw out of his "reach, 

 and, by disappointing his hopes, soon cause him 

 to discontmue his fruitless efforts. But if the 

 bottom of the muzzle be brought tight up against 

 his lips, the head and the muzzle will act to- 

 gether, and the horse will eat just as much of 

 the bed, as he pleases. Its whole utility depends 

 upon the horse's nose being so free of the muzzle, 

 that he shall not be able to reach any part of it 

 with his lips withou.t ijutting it clown ; when he 

 instantly defeats his object. 



Fig. 2 shoius the detail of the muzzle. 

 a a. The upper rim made of iron. 

 J) h. The lower rim made of iron. 



cccc. Four iron uprights connecting the upper and lower 

 rims, and riveted to them. 



d. An iron stay crossing the bottom from front to 



rear. 



e. A cross piece of iron riveted at the centre at d : 



the arms, curving uj)wards, are each riveted to one 

 of the uprights, c, by which much additional 



