Plate 12. 



Fig. 1 shoivs a near fore foot, 2^^'e2^(<'>'ecl for receiving a shoe 

 with leather under it. The hollow on each side of the frog 

 is filed ivith oakum above the level of the frog, and the 

 ends of the oakum are sjn'ead over the sole in front of the 

 point of the frog : the body of the frog is left bare, excepting 

 ivhere the loose ends of the 'portion, that fills the cleft, are 

 divided and brought across, to be mixed ivith the oakum at 

 the sides, to prevent it ivorking out backioards. 



Fig. 2 shows the same foot, after the leather and the shoe have 

 been nailed on : it ivill be observed, that no poriion of the 

 leather pi-ojects beyond the shoe any where, and that it is 

 slightly curved forwards from Jieel to heel. 



Note. The best way. of stopping the hollow on each side 

 of the frog is to take a quantity of oakum, sufficient to fill 

 it fairly up from the bottom of the commissure to above 

 the level of the frog and across to the crust ; then pull it 

 out straight, twist it, and double it in the centre ; dip it 

 in a mixtui-e of common tar, and press the folded part well 

 into the corner towards the heel, and spread the ends over 

 the sole in front of the point of the frog. The portion, 

 intended to fill the cleft of the frog, should be treated in 

 a similar manner, and the folded portion placed in the back 

 part of the cleft. 



THE END. 



