Xll 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



FIG. 

 26. 

 27. 

 28. 

 29. 



32. 



33- 

 34- 

 35- 

 36^ 

 37- 

 38. 

 39- 



40. 

 41. 

 42. 



43- 

 44. 



45- 

 46. 



47. 

 48. 



49. 

 50- 



51- 



52. 

 53- 

 54. 



Foot released by Cope's stirrup 



Scott's stirrup . 



Foot caught on off side 



Child mounted. 



Child jumping without reins 



Foot caught, on account of its having been put into the 



stirrup from the wrong side . . . . , 

 " Head " of a single bridle : a, crown-piece ; ^, d, 



cheek-pieces ; c, throat-latch ; d, front or brow-band 

 Unjointed snaffle 

 Chain snaffle 



Ordinary snaffle with cheeks 

 Nutcracker action of jointed snaffle on horse's mouth 

 Action of unjointed snaffle on horse's mouth 

 Action of a curb as a lever .... 

 Properly constructed curb for ordinary hunter. Side 



view ....... 



Ward Union curb bridle with half-moon snaffle 

 Curb chain covered with india-rubber tube 

 Chin-strap unbuckled .... 



Chin-strap buckled ..... 



Curb reversed by horse throwing up his head, in the 



absence of a chin-strap .... 



Cavasson nose-band ...... 



Standing martingale attached to rings of the snaffle 

 Lord Lonsdale's registered running martingale . 

 Maximum length of standing martingale . 

 Side view of horse's lower jaw .... 



Angle made by the cheeks of a curb, when the reins 



are taken up ..... 



View of under-surface of lower jaw 

 The Hayes' Safety Skirt open for mounting 

 Off side of the Hayes' Safety Skirt 

 The Hayes' Safety Skirt closed for walking 



PAGE 



49 

 50 



51 



61 



63 

 67 



71 



72 



72 

 72 



73 

 73 

 73 



74 



75 

 76 



76 



76 



77 



79 



80 



81 



33 



85 



86 



87 



91 

 93 

 95 



