and the Economy of Fuel. 7 



ner: As the quantity of heat which any given quan- 

 tity of any given kind of fuel is capable of generating 

 is not known, there is no fixed standard with which the 

 result of an experiment can be compared, in order to 

 ascertain exactly the proportion of the heat saved, or 

 usefully employed, to that lost. Instead therefore of 

 being able to determine this point directly, I was obliged 

 to have recourse to approximations. Instead of, deter- 

 mining the quantity of heat lost in any given operation, 

 I endeavoured to find out with how much less fuel the 

 same operation might be performed, by a more advan- 

 tageous arrangement of the fire and disposition of the 

 machinery : and several extensive public establishments, 

 which have been erected in Bavaria within these last six 

 or seven years, under my direction, by order of His Most 

 Serene Highness, the ELECTOR PALATINE, particularly 

 an establishment for the poor of Munich (of which 

 an account has been given to the public in my First 

 Essay), and the establishment of a Public Academy 

 for the education of one hundred and eighty young 

 men, destined for the service of the State in the differ- 

 ent civil and military departments, the economical 

 arrangements of these establishments afforded me a 

 most favorable opportunity of putting into practice all 

 my ideas relative to the management of fire; and of 

 ascertaining, by numerous experiments made upon a 

 large scale, and often varied and repeated, the real im- 

 portance of the improvements I have introduced. 



That many experiments have been actually made in 

 these two establishments, during the seven years they 

 have existed, will not be doubted by those who are 

 informed that the kitchen, or rather the fire-place of 

 the kitchen of the House of Industry, has been pulled 



