Fire-places and Kitchen Utensils. 



437 



or width was 6 inches, and the upper part of it was 

 fastened by rivets to the upper part or brim of the 

 pan. This alteration, and a double cover fitted to the 

 pan which prevented the heat from being carried off 

 by the cold air of the atmosphere from the broad sur- 

 face of the hot liquid in the pan, produced a saving of 

 considerably more than half the fuel, even when this 

 fuel which was dry pine wood was burned on the 

 hearth or on the ground in the open air, and no means 

 were used for confining the heat on either side. But 

 the saving was still greater when the fire was made in 

 a closed fire-place. 



For a pan of this kind of 14 or 15 inches in diameter 

 at its brim, a very good temporary fire-place may be con- 

 structed in a moment, and almost without either trouble 

 or expense, merely with seven common bricks. Six of 

 them, laid down upon the hearth in pairs one upon the 

 other in the manner represented in the following figure, 



Fig. 76. 



form the fire-place ; and the seventh, placed edgewise, 

 serves as a sliding door to close this fire-place in front 

 more or less, as shall be found best. 



