190 Mr. H. Seebohm on the Ornithology of Siberia. 



eight skins. The Siberian form is very beautiful, and almost 

 entitled to rank as a subspecies. The entire head and neck 

 are pure white. The whole of the inside webs of the innermost 

 secondaries are also pure white. In the British and Central- 

 European forms the white on the wing is much less developed; 

 but intermediate forms are not uncommon in North Europe. 

 Dr. Theel informs me that he saw this species as far north 

 as lat. 59. 



ClNCLUS LEUCOGASTER, Bonap. 



Bonaparte, in his ' Conspectus ' (i. p. 252), ascribes this 

 name to Eversmann; but I have been unable to find a 

 reference to any publication of the name earlier than that of 

 Bonaparte. Mr. Kibort has sent me two skins of a Dipper 

 from the neighbourhood of Kras-no-yarsk', which I presume 

 must belong to this species. Both are males; and both were 

 shot on the same day, the 17th of November. The head 

 and nape are sooty brown, much darker than in C. albicollis, 

 and not so rufous as in C. aquaticus. The underparts of one 

 skin agree with those of C. melanogaster ; but in the other 

 the white on the breast extends further down, and instead of 

 being sharply divided from the sooty black of the belly it 

 gradually shades into it, passing through the various shades 

 of greyish brown. The genus Cinclus presents many dif- 

 ficulties. Dresser, in his ' Birds of Europe/ adds little 

 or nothing to the facts collected by Salvin in ' The Ibis ' 

 of 1867, p. 109 et seq. I fail to be able to draw the 

 distinction which Salvin does between local races and re- 

 presentative species. If he were to examine the additional 

 material which has come to hand since his article was 

 written, I think he would agree with me that his local races 

 are those of which he possessed a large series, whilst of his 

 representative species he was only able to obtain access to one 

 or two skins. So far as I can see, there is only one species of 

 Palsearctic White-throated Dipper, of which the typical form 

 inhabits Central and Southern Siberia, North India, Tur- 

 kestan, Persia, and Asia Minor, and will probably stand as 

 C. cashmiriensis, Gould. In East Siberia every intermediate 



