Mr. H. Seebohm on the Ornithology of Siberia. 191 



form occurs between this and C. leucogaster, Bonn p., the 

 extreme type of which has the underparts white throughout. 

 In Europe three subspecies have apparently established them- 

 selves: C. melanogaster, Brehm, in the north, in which 

 the dark parts are intensified in colour and a shade of rufous 

 is observable on the head and nape ; C. ayuaticus, Bechst, in 

 Central Europe, in which the rufous shade appears on 

 the belly also ; and C. albicollis, VieilL, in Southern Europe, 

 in which the head and nape are paler brown than in the typical 

 species. 



TURDUS OBSCURUS, Gmel. 



Dr. Theel informed me that he obtained a specimen of this 

 Thrush as far north as lat. 68. 



TURDUS SIBIRICUS, Pall. 



Dr. Theel informed me that the great breeding-place of 

 this beautiful and rare Thrush is in the neighbourhood of 

 Toor-o-kansk', about lat. 66. He did not observe it further 

 north than E-gar'-ka, in lat. 67. 



TURDUS MUSICUS, Linn. 



Mr. Kibort has sent me both adult and young in first 

 plumage of the Song-Thrush. From the presence of the 

 latter we may, I think, safely infer that this bird breeds near 

 Kras-no-yarsk'. I am not aware of any instance on record 

 of any Thrush migrating before moulting. 



RUTICILLA PHCENICURUS (Linn.). 



Mr. Kibort has sent me a skin of the Common Redstart 

 from the neighbourhood of Kras-no-yarsk' a male in 

 breeding-plumage ; so that no doubt can now attach to the 

 easterly range of this species. 



CYANECULA SUECICA (Linn.). 



Mr. Kibort has sent me a skin of this species, from Kras- 

 no-yarsk', in the spotted plumage of the young before 

 migration, whence I conclude that the Bluethroat occa- 

 sionallv breeds as far south as lat. 50. 



