Birds of Astrakhan. 217 



MELANOCORYPHA TATARICA. 



Is extremely common in winter. It breeds on the Kirghiz 

 steppes, especially in the neighbourhood of the salt marshes, 

 but is not found in the steppes when there is no water. 



MELANOCORYPHA LEUCOPTERA. 



The White-winged Lark is a very common resident. 



MELANOCORYPHA BRACHYDACTYLA. 



The Short-toed Lark is a very common resident, but is rarer 

 in winter. 



MELANOCORYPHA PISPOLETTA. 



Pallas's Short-toed Lark is not so common as the pre- 

 ceding, but may always be detected by its " schnarrenden " 

 voice. 



ALAUDA CRISTATA. 



The Crested Lark is rare in the steppes, and is only found 

 near human dwellings. It is a resident. 



ALAUDA ARBOREA. 



The Wood-Lark is a rare visitor near Astrakhan on mi- 

 gration. 



OTOCORYS ALPESTRIS. 



The Shore-Lark is only found in winter. 



OTOCORYS PENICILLATA. 



The Eastern Shore-Lark is a resident in the Kirghiz 

 steppes. 



EMBERIZA NIVALIS. 



The Snow-Bunting is a winter visitor. 



EMBERIZA MELANOCEPHALA. 



Henke did not meet with the Black-headed Bunting, but 

 states that it is common on the Kalmuk steppes. 



EMBERIZA CITRINELLA. 



The Yellowhammer is a rare visitor on migration. 



EMBERIZA HORTULANA. 



The Ortolan Bunting is a very common visitor on migra- 

 tion, especially in spring. A few remain to breed. 



SER. IV. VOL. VI. Q 



