2 Mr. H. Seebohm on the 



1793; but the information recorded by these travellers is 

 very meagre, and their determination of species not very 

 reliable. In 1825 Eichwald visited the Caucasus; but in 

 Bogdanow's opinion his ornithological work is of no value 

 whatever. Menetries was the first naturalist whose con- 

 tributions to the ornithology of the Caucasus, founded upon 

 his journey in 1829-30, were of great importance. In 1830 

 Eversmann was in the Caucasus but was obliged to leave 

 before he had made many observations, in consequence of an 

 outbreak of cholera. Ornithological observations of some 

 value were made in 1835-37 by Krinitzky ; but, in conse- 

 quence of his death in the Caucasus, the results of his journey 

 were published by Kaleniczenko. In 1836 Nordmann visited 

 the Caucasus, and in 1843 Kolenati; but the observations of 

 the latter are of little value. In 1862 Filippi made some im- 

 portant observations in the Caucasus on his way to Persia : 

 and since 1863 Radde has been engaged in forming a collec- 

 tion of the birds of the Caucasus in Tiflis; but his long- 

 promised work on the subject has not yet appeared. In 1871 

 Bogdanow himself w-ent to the Caucasus ; in 1875 his labours 

 were supplemented by Kessler : and in 1878 important addi- 

 tions to and confirmations of previous observations were made 

 by Michailovsky, a zealous young ornithologist, whose ac- 

 quaintance I had the pleasure of making in St. Petersburg 

 last spring. It is much to be regretted that Bogdanow's excel- 

 lent book is not written in a language in which it would be 

 accessible to most ornithologists. Such a careful work, and 

 such an exhaustive treatment of the subject, would serve as an 

 excellent model for some of our more superficial writers. 



GYPAETUS BARBATUS. 



This bird is a not uncommon resident throughout the 

 Caucasus above the limit of forest-growth. A female, 

 caught in a fox-trap early in January, contained an egg 

 nearly developed. 



VULTUR MONACHUS. 



The Black Vulture is rare throughout the mountains above 

 the limit of forest-growth, descending into the plains in 

 autumn. 



