12 Mr. H. Seebohm on the 



ALAUDA ARVENSIS. 



The Sky-Lark is common on the plains. A large form is 

 called by Bogdanow Alauda arvensis, subsp. armenica. This 

 bird varies so much in size in every locality where it is found 

 that it seems unwise to make a subspecies on that character 

 alone. 



CALANDRELLA BRACHYDACTYLA. 



The Short-toed Lark is common on many of the steppes. 



CALANDRELLA PISPOLETTA. 



Pallas's Short-toed Lark has been found in the deserts 

 beyond the Caucasian range. 



MELANOCORYPHA CALANDRA. 



The Calandra Lark is found on many of the steppes. 



MELANOCORYPHA BIMACULATA 



The Eastern Calandra Lark was found by Menetries on 

 the Talischina Mountains, 6000 feet above the sea-level. 



MELANOCORYPHA SIBIRICA. 



The White-winged Lark was seen by Bogdanow on the 

 steppes near Stavropol. 



MELANOCORYPHA TARTARICA. 



The Black Lark winters in the Caucasus. 



TURDUS VISCIVORUS. 



The Missel-Thrush breeds in the forests. 



TURDUS MUSICUS. 



The Song-Thrush breeds in the Caucasus. 



TURDUS ILIACUS. 



The Redwing is said to winter in the Caucasus. 



TURDUS PILARIS. 



The Fieldfare winters in the Caucasus. 



MERULA MERULA. 



The Blackbird is a resident bird in the Caucasus. Bog- 

 danow saw it up to 5000 feet elevation. 



