Birds of the Caucasus. 31 



SCOLOPAX MAJOR. 



The Great Snipe passes through the Caucasus on the spring 

 and autumn migrations. 



SCOLOPAX GALLINAGO. 



The Common Snipe passes through the Caucasus on the 

 spring and autumn migrations ; and many winter in the 

 swamps on the southern slopes. 



SCOLOPAX GALLINULA. 



The Jack Snipe passes through the Caucasus on migration, 

 wintering in the swampy plains to the south. 



PHALAROPTJS HYPERBOREUS. 



The Red-necked Phalarope passes along the Caucasian 

 shores of the Caspian on migration. Menetrie*s says that it 

 breeds on the southern slopes ; but this statement respecting 

 so arctic a bird is scarcely credible. 



RECURVIROSTRA AVOCETTA. 



The Avocet is found in great numbers during migration 

 on the salt lakes and on the shores of the Caspian and the 

 Black Sea. 



HlMANTOPUS CANDIDUS. 



The Black-winged Stilt is common on the shores of the 

 Caspian and the Black Sea, and on the banks of the rivers 

 and salt lakes, in early spring and summer. 



GRUS COMMUNIS. 



The Common Crane passes through the Caucasus on mi- 

 gration ; and a few are said to breed on the steppes north of 

 the mountains. 



GRUS VIRGO. 



The Demoiselle Crane is very common on the northern 

 steppes ; but Bogdanow does not say at what time of the year 

 probably in summer only. 



ARDEA CINEREA. 



The Common Heron is found on all the waters of the 

 Caucasian plains ; but Bogdanow does not say if it winters 

 there. 



