APPENDIX 327 



So simple a matter as using red crayon for the arteries, blue for 

 the veins, yellow for the nerves, and white for the bones will add 

 much to the attractiveness of the work. Duplicate copies of all this 

 blackboard work may be used by the pupils to illustrate their own 

 blank books. (See also Figs. 65, p. 103; 77 and 78, pp. 118 and 

 119; and 105, p. 168.) 



6. Books for Collateral Reading and Reference. A certain number 

 of books on physiology and hygiene are useful for collateral reading 

 and quick reference. Their number and character will depend largely 

 upon the grade of the pupil for whom they are intended. Second- 

 hand text-books of the same grade as the class text-book are easily 

 purchased of dealers. Such books may be kept on the teacher's desk 

 for the pupil to consult in school hours or to carry home and read at 

 leisure. Passages in these books which are interwoven with the 

 topics under consideration should be marked with colored pencil by 

 the teacher to aid the pupil in his researches. 



7. The Use of Homemade Apparatus. It is scarcely advisable to 

 recommend the use of a manikin, separate bones, a skeleton, and 

 physiological charts for use in the elementary grades. As a matter 

 of fact, very few school officials can afford to furnish their school- 

 rooms with such useful but costly material. Fortunately, however, 

 most teachers can copy passably well illustrations taken from other 

 books. With a little painstaking and ingenuity the teacher of even 

 the more remote district schools can make a few charts which will 

 prove effective helps toward making the work successful. For this 

 purpose, white cardboard or even manila paper may be used upon 

 which to make the sketches in colored inks or crayons. For apparatus 

 with which to hang or construct charts, eyelets, curtain fixtures, stout 

 cords, clothespins, telephone wire, pasteboard boxes, colored paper, 

 and many other things have been used. 



For the encouragement of teachers in remote sections it may be 

 well to mention the fact that many eminent scientists do not hesitate 

 to make very crude drawings on the blackboard, and often resort to 

 the use of their own hats, umbrellas, canes, handkerchiefs, pocket- 

 knives, and other articles to illustrate their lectures. 



It is, perhaps, unnecessary to state that the collection and prepara- 

 tion of the working material which has been suggested may demand 

 much labor and patience for the first year, but that it can be kept for 

 use in succeeding classes. 



