364 THE RAPE CEOP. 



able smell and taste, and being classed among the non- 

 drying oils, is only used for lighting, lubricating, and other 

 inferior purposes. This oil is obtained from the seed by 

 pressure, the residuum being the common "rape-cake" of 

 commerce. This, however, always contains, besides the 

 solid matters of the seed, a considerable proportion of oil 

 on the average about 10 per cent. which, under the 

 ordinary processes of manufacture, cannot be extracted by 

 the pressure applied. This residuum or "cake" is used 

 largely as a feeding and also as a manuring substance, for 

 both of which purposes its composition shows it to be well 

 adapted. We have numerous analyses to refer to, differ- 

 ing more or less in their proportions, according to the 

 quality, natural or adulterated, of the cake examined. 

 The following results, by Dr. Anderson, were obtained 

 from cakes of good quality the first being a sample of 

 the ordinary first market quality, the second having been 

 made expressly for feeding purposes: 



No. 1. No. 2. 



Compounds containing nitrogen (albumen), 2975 27'68 



Compounds not containing nitrogen as oil, 8'63 12'50 



,, sugar, gum, &c., 3872 2975 



vegetable fibre, . 7'30 12-47 



Ash (mineral matter), 8'65 7'17 



Water, 6-95 IQ'43 



100-00 100-00 



The composition of rape-cake, it is seen, does not differ 

 materially from that of linseed, and owing to the lower 

 rate at which it is sold in the market, its consumption for 

 feeding purposes is rapidly increasing. It differs from it, 

 however, in its peculiar bitter taste, which is immediately 

 perceptible, and makes it therefore less palatable to cattle, 

 to which it should be given at first in small quantities, 

 gradually increasing the weight as the animals get accus- 

 tomed to it. It is also more liable to adulteration, for the 

 peculiarity of the oil, which restricts the number of adul- 



