EARLY HISTORY. 347 



fore, in the year 1 364, permitted him, for the purpose of 

 making good his loss, to demand a groschen for each cask 

 of hops; and this right of revenue was confirmed to 

 Bishop Arnold by Pope Gregory. 1 According to all ac- 

 counts, the beer of the ancients could not be kept for any 

 length of time, and required to be frequently brewed and 

 consumed fresh. 



The old botanical writers, who treat of the good and 

 bad qualities of the different plants, considered among the 

 bad qualities of hops, that they dried up the body and 

 increased melancholy ; but among their good qualities that 

 they possessed the property of preserving liquors from 

 corruption ; 2 and it is only after the introduction of hops 

 as an ingredient of beer, that we hear of its being capable 

 of being kept for any time without deterioration. It was 

 soon remarked, also, that the keeping of beer depended a 

 great deal upon the season in which it was brewed. In 

 the Ilm statutes (1350) a law prohibited the people under 

 certain penalties from brewing at any other period of the 

 year except from Michaelmas to St. Walpurgis' day. 3 

 At that period various kinds of beer, flavoured with dif- 

 ferent substances, seem to have been in use. Amongst 

 others we find named cerevisia mellitci and non mellita. 

 Even at the present time this practice exists to a limited 

 extent, as honey is used in the preparation of beer brewed 

 at Nimeguen and other places, which, under the name of 

 moll, is consumed to a considerable extent ; while our own 

 brewers at home are charged with the use of liquorice, and 

 other more objectionable ingredients, for the purpose of 



1 The document referring to this is given in Matthai Analecta iii. p. 260. 

 See also Du Gauge, under the word " Grutt" and its derivatives. 



2 St. Hildegard, in Physicce, lib. ii. cap. 74. 



3 A celebrated female saint of the 8th century, said to have been a native of 

 England, but canonized in Germany, where she was abbess of a nunnery at 

 Heidensheim in Thuringia. 



