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Ecological anatomy of particular plants. 



Anatomical adaptations to, or corrélations witli, tlie conditions of particular régions 

 or formations. 

 Habit and duration. 



Herbs, shrubs, trecs, lianes, epiphytes, krummhol/, polster, annual, biennal, peren- 

 nial, etc. 

 Adaptations to self and cross-fertilization. 

 Relation to distributing agents. 



General on dissémination, centers of distribution, migration routes, etc. - Dissé- 

 mination by water. - Wind. - Animais. - Man. - Orav.ty. - Glaciers. 

 — Offschoots, runners, etc. - Propulsion. — Other agents. 

 Other ecological relations. - Mimicry of protective resemblance. 

 Ecology of particular plants. 

 Associational ecology or synoecology. 

 General. 



Philosophy, content, classification, terminology. 

 Compends, text books, treatises. 

 Bibliography. 



Essays, collected works, miscellanies. 



Formation and succession herbaria, alpine and other ecological botanical gardens. 

 Methods of investigation, apparatus, cartography. 

 History and biography. 

 Influence of plants upon each other. - The nature of compétition. - Natural pru- 



ning. 

 Invasion. 

 Succession. 



General discussion of dynamic relations. 



Succession due to orographie movement. - Succession correlated with normal 

 physiographic development. 

 General on physiographic ecology. 



Succession related to érosion and river action, i. e. niainly destructive of land 



forms. 

 Succession in the lake swamp-meadow séries i. e. mainly constructive. 

 Physiographic ecology of particular areas. 

 Succession: on volcanic islands or areas denuded by volcanic action, - follouing 

 glaciation, — related to wind érosion and wind déposition. — Blow outs. 

 - Sand dunes, - following other natural catastrophes, asland-sHdes, carth- 

 quakes, floods, breaking of dams, etc., - following disturbance by animal 

 agency, - succession following disturbance by man. - General. - Burned 

 areas. - Lumbcred areas, reforestation. - By cultivation. - Drainage. - 

 Irrigation. - Other disturbances by man, - in particular régions. 

 Zonation. 

 General, philosophical on life zones, etc. 



Causes of zonation. Horizontal zonation. - Vertical zonation. 



Climatic zones: General and limitations. - Polar-niveal. - Arctic-alpme. 

 Boreal-sub-alpine. — Temperate. Subtropical. — Tropical. 



