v jji Contents 



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The " Discovery" in winter quarters ; mild weather . 16 



Remarkable disappearance of ice in winter ... 17 



Scott's farthest South 82 17' S. reached 28 December 1902 18 



Armitage's remarkable winter journey 



Probability that the Barrier ice-sheet is a self-contained 

 neveorfirn situated at, and, to a great extent, below the level 

 of the sea 2I 



Extensive melting of the ice of the Ferrar Glacier in 

 January 1902 22 



Evidence of the conservative influence of an ice-sheet on 

 the land surface beneath it 2 3 



The "Discovery" sails for England 24 



No. 2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL NOTES. (Contributed to the 



Antarctic Manual, 1901.) 25 



In preparing these notes it was assumed that the Chemist 

 and Physicist of the Expedition would be a man of consider- 

 able laboratory experience and would be fully instructed and 

 practised in all routine observations before the start of the 

 Expedition. These notes have reference rather to obser- 

 vations by the way, a class of work which is both useful and 

 fascinating. In putting them together, the chemical and 

 physical phenomena likely to be met with in Nature have 

 been regarded and treated as facts in Natural History of 

 which Chemistry and Physics are branches. I have en- 

 deavoured to imagine myself as filling the post and to recall 

 from my experience the kind of phenomena which I should 

 expect to encounter, and to frame working directions for 

 myself with a view to their treatment and elucidation. In 

 doing so I have avoided all hypothetical matter and confined 

 my directions to matters of observation and experiment. 



Low oceanic temperatures ; the extensive area of very 

 cold water which occupies the bottom of the sea all along 

 the East Coast of South America from the Straits of Magellan 

 to the Equator is an oceanic feature which calls for thorough 



study 26 



Importance of the determination of the density of this 



very cold water 27 



Freezing Temperature of average Sea-water ... 28 

 Relation between freezing-point and percentage of Chlorine 29 



Sea- Ice as met with in Polar Seas 30 



Weyprecht's description of the freezing of the sea in which 

 the "Tegetthoff" was imprisoned 31 



