ON NA VAL ARCHITECTURE. 285 



mode of propulsion, and in internal arrangements, are still like her in 

 that they are built of iron and use wood for only secondary purposes, 

 and are like her also in having no side armour at the bow or stern, 

 watertight decks under water, with cellular divisions over them, taking the 

 place of armour. This latter feature has been subsequently elaborated 

 at various times and with different degrees of completeness and success 

 by Mr. Reed; Mr. Michael Scott; by the present Minister of Italian 

 Marine, Signer Brin ; and by myself and colleagues. Our newest 

 design for seagoing battle-ships of 8,400 tons displacement, i. e., the 

 " Ajax " and " Agamemnon," differs broadly from this first ship in the 

 following respects : 



1. The length of the "Warrior" is six and a-half times her breadth, 

 and the " Ajax " and " Agamemnon " are only four and a half times. 



2. She has four and a-half inches ,armour and 9-ton guns, while the 

 latter ships, although of less dimensions, are to have eighteen inches 

 of armour and 38-ton guns. 



3. She obtained fourteen and a-third knots speed with engines indi- 

 cating o'6 of a horse-power per ton of displacement. In these new 

 designs we shall be content with a knot less speed, obtained by 

 means of a horse-powei per ton of displacement. 



4. This speed is obtained in the " Warrior " with great draught of 

 water, a single screw, and fine lines ; it will be obtained in the "Ajax" and 

 " Agamemnon " with two screws, a light draught of water, and full lines. 



5. In the " Warrior " there is only one means of propelling and one 

 means of steering, and the steering gear is exposed to shot. In these 

 latest ships there are two distinct isolated means of propelling, two 

 means of steering, and the steering gear is completely protected. 



6. In the " Warrior " there is only a single bottom, except for a 

 small breadth of the ship ; in the latest ships, and in nearly all the 

 ironclads, there is a complete double bottom. 



7. In the " Warrior " there is no fire from behind armour either 

 ahead or astern; in the latest designs the protected fire ahead and 

 astern is as powerful as that on the beam. 



8. In the "Warrior" the consumption of fuel per norse-power 

 indicated is four and a-quarter pounds ; in our recent ships it is less 

 than three pounds. 



The ships which I have thus compared with the " Warrior " are to 



