8 



from a circumscribed and fixed store, the end of which 

 he sees gradually approaching day by day, without any 

 means in his power of averting the impending exhaustion. 

 But when he feeds his grain, and alternates these crops 

 with grass and feeding crops, and transforms them into 

 cattle or sheep, horses or hogs, he becomes a manufac- 

 turer — partially so, it is true — and he immediately reaps 

 not only a second profit from his products, but he finds 

 in his manure heaps a permanent source of fertility which 

 flows over and replenishes his soil. 



The dairy farmer has a still further advantage in that 

 he not only rears and feeds cattle, but he keeps cows from 

 which he procures milk, and of this milk he makes but- 

 ter and cheese, consuming by his young stock all the 

 wastes of these manufactured articles, and selling from 

 his farm a highly finished product in a concentrated form 

 which carries away practically nothing in the shape of 

 the fertile elements of his land. Moreover, be purchases 

 cheap waste products and turns these into costly finished 

 products, reserving the valuable wastes of them for the 

 enriching of his soil. For instance, the farmer who sells 

 a ton of hay for fifteen dollars has nothing but this 

 money in return for his labor and a certain quantity of 

 the richest elements of the fertility of the soil. It is the 

 same with the farmer who sells thirty bushels of corn from 

 an acre of land for the same sum of money. The farmer 

 who feeds the hay or the corn to a steer or to sheep 

 doubles his income, and retains a large portion of the 

 substance of his crops, w^hich is returned to the land. 

 But the dairyman who makes cheese or butter trebles 

 his income, and retains nearly everything of value which 

 the crops he has fed to his cows have drawn from the 

 soil, and he has expended nothing but his labor, for which 

 he receives liberal pay. If he purchase hay from his 

 neighbor, he makes a handsome profit from this; and if 

 he buys bran or other feeding substances, he makes a 



