66 



developed, and is able to give a large product of milk and 

 butter. 



It is advisable that the calf should be taken from the 

 cow very soon after it is dropped and removed to a pen 

 provided for the purpose. In the plan of the farm given 

 in Chapter II. there are shown two of these pens, each 

 of which IS divided into four stalls separated by parti- 

 tions four feet high, of upright bars three inches apart. 

 This secures ample ventilation and gives the calves com- 

 panionship, which keeps them from fretting. The cow 

 is removed to a roomy box-stall nine by seven feet, at the 

 extreme end of the stable, aAvay from the calf pens, a few 

 days before her time expires, and is kept tiiere four days 

 after the calf is dropped, when the milk is fit for use. Six 

 liours after the calf is taken away the cow is milked and 

 the milk is at once given to the calf. This method tends 

 to make the cows naturally oblivious of their calves, and 

 avoids the trouble, so common m dairies, of cows hold- 

 ing up their milk. It also makes the calf docile and 

 attached to its keeper, and enables it to be trained with 

 much ease. After a few years of this kind of manage- 

 ment the cows will evince no disturbance at the loss of 

 their calves, and will come into the dairy at the right 

 time without any difficulty. The calves are made more 

 gentle, and the habit soon becomes confirmed and 

 hereditary. 



In the selection of a cow for breeding the following 

 points should be considered. A model useful dairy cow 

 may be known at a glance by an expert. She has a fine 

 long head, broad between the eyes, and a thin wide 

 muzzle • the eyes are large and of a mild expression ; the 

 neck IS thin and long ; the ears are thm and covered 

 inside with a deep yellow skm ; the fore-quarters are 

 light and thm, and the whole body has much of the 

 shape of a wedge, mcreasiug in size to the rear ; the legs 

 are chin, with fine bone ; the belly is large and deep, with 



