124 THE dairyman's manual. 



to have it enter under the shoulder, where it is out of 

 the way. 



A force pump should always be chosen for the cistern, 

 so that in case of need a hose may be attached and the 

 •water carried where it may be wanted, to a distant 

 trough, or to any part of the yard or stables. 



When the soil is sandy, or loose gravel, the cistern 

 should be lined with hard bricks laid lengthwise so as to 

 make a wall four inches thick. The floor should be of 

 cement, and no bricks except a few in the center will be 

 required. The bricks should be thoroughly wetted be- 

 fore they are used. The cement should be spread all 

 over the surface of the brick so as to completely fill the 

 spaces, and the outside of the w^all should be plastered as 

 it goes up. Earth should be packed firmly against the 

 wall outside to give a backing which will resist the jDressure 

 of the water. This is an important point, and should 

 not be forgotten. "When the desired hight is reached 

 the bricks are inclined gradually to form the shoulder for 

 the arch, and the wall is then drawn in towards the middle; 

 leaving a manhole in the center. This is covered with a 

 large flagstone. The inside of the cistern is covered 

 with a wash coat of clear cement. 



The cost will depend upon its size and the material 

 selected. The expense of excavation may be estimated 

 at twenty-five cents for a cubic 3'ard, or one cent per cubic 

 foot. To ascertain the length of wall around a cistern 

 multiply the diameter by three and one-fifth. Thus 

 one eight feet in diameter will be over twenty-five feet 

 around. Fourteen bricks will lay one square foot of 

 wall, eight inches, or one brick thick ; twenty-five will 

 lay a square foot, twelve inches, or a brick and one-half 

 thick. Thus for every foot in hight, an eight-foot cistern 

 will require 350 bricks, if the wall is one brick length- 

 wise thick, or 180 if it is a half brick thick. For a small 

 cistern the bricks may be laid in this manner, but those 



