258 



often been said that sucli a cow gives twenty-five or thirty 

 per cent of cream. Some cows will show twenty-eight 

 per cent of cream in a tive-inch-deep test-glass ; but this 

 is not pure cream. This same milk set in a twenty-inch- 

 deep pail will show about six inches of cream, or thirty|i 

 per cent ; but when cream rises in a deep vessel a largeJ^ 

 quantity of milk is brought up with it and stays with ^ 

 it, and the thirty per cent which is shown in a deep 

 Cooley pail, shrinks in a Ferguson Bureau pan to 

 twelve per cent. There is an advantage, however, in 

 this diluted cream, which is, that it is in precisely 

 the best condition for good churning ; while in skim- 

 ming the pure cream at least an equal quantity of milk 

 should be poured off with it into the cream jar, and both 

 be stirred up together. To remove the cream from 

 shallow pans, a small, flat cream knife should be passed 

 around the edge of the pan to loosen it, and the film of 

 cream is then floated and pushed with the cream knife 

 over the edge of the pan into the cream jar. This will 

 remove enough milk with the cream to dilute it suflB- 

 ciently. Every time tjream is poured into the jar it 

 should be stirred, otherwise there will be danger of hav- 

 ing white specks in the butter, from some particles of dry 

 cream or from over-sour curd at the bottom. 



There are a great many patented methods and appar- 

 atus for setting milk for cream. Descriptions of these, 

 however, scarcely fall under the scope of this work, as 

 all of them have good points which secure favor from 

 those who choose and use them. The young or inex- 

 perienced dairyman should be. cautious about deciding 

 upon any permanent fixtures in his dairy until he has 

 had some opportunity of seeing and examining them. 

 As every dairyman of good sense and judgment should 

 become a member of his State Dairymen's Association, 

 which privilege is most cheaply secured for the small 

 sum of one dollar yearly, and should faithfully attend 



