CREAM ATS^D ITS PECULIARITIES. 273 



or blanks specially provided the inches and tenths in 

 depth by his rule. He then thoroughly stirs the cream 

 and takes from it a certain quantity in a marked glass 

 tube. These tubes are carefully placed in a frame or 

 card provided for them, each marked with the patron's 

 number for identification. There is nothing to prevent 

 each patron from taking a parallel sample and testing 

 it for himself, and everyone should do this for his own 

 sake and satisfaction. 



On arrival at the creamery the cards of tubes are handed 

 over to the manager with the cream gathered all in bulk. 

 This bulking and mixing of the cream is indispensable 

 for the production of an even quality of butter. The 

 cards of tubes are set away to be properly ripened, 

 and are then put into a frame in a churn specially pro- 

 vided for them. The cream is churned by oscillating 

 the frame rapidly till the butter comes in all the samples. 

 When this is done the tubes are all set in water hot 

 enough to melt the butter — about 150 degrees. When 

 fully melted, the butter or oil rises to the top and shows 

 a distinct line from the buttermilk, so that its depth can 

 be accurately measured. This done, the manager pro- 

 ceeds to determine the depth of the oil, and to record 

 the results in the blank form partly filled out by the 

 collector. The measuring is done by applying to the 

 oil a scale having for a unit of measure the depth of oil 

 that corresponds to one pound of butter from a gauge of 

 cream, or a pound for each inch in depth of cream in a 

 vessel just one foot in diameter. This unit of measure 

 is graduated into 100 equal parts. If the depth of the 

 oil is exactly equal to one unit of measure, the cream 

 from which the sample was taken will yield just one 

 pound of butter to the inch or gauge ; if it overruns or 

 falls short of the unit of measure, the yield per gauge 

 will overran or fall short just according to the number 

 of hundredths it varies one way or the other. A§ he 



