304 THE DAIKYMAX'S MANUAL. 



any manner whatever, except by the addition of milk, 

 curd, or water, and any one of these is hurtful to the 

 butter, and to the extent that the additional weight and 

 bulk are not butter it is a deceit and a fraud. 



The quantity of salt used is from one-half to a 

 whole ounce for a pound of butter. Tlie quantity is 

 varied as the butter may require to be kept for some 

 time or is intended for immediate use. In the latter 

 case half an ounce to the pound is sufficient ; when the 

 butter is to be kept two or three mouths three-quarters 

 of an ounce should be used, and for the longest period 

 a full ounce will be required. It depends very much 

 upon the way in which the butter is made. If we take 

 the butter as it comes from the churn, as described at the 

 opening of this chapter, in the form of small grains and 

 quite free from buttermilk, and drained from all. surjDlus 

 water by remaining in the churn for two hours, half an 

 ounce of salt is enough. This is sprinkled evenly 

 over the butter, which is then gathered with the ladle or 

 worked with the butter-worker so as to incorporate the 

 salt thoroughly with the butter. The water in the but- 

 ter immediately dissolves this salt. For the complete 

 solution of salt about three or four times its weight of 

 water is required. If half an ounce of salt is completely 

 dissolved in a pound of butter, there will be at least two 

 ounces of brine in it, which is equal to about ten per cent 

 of moisture, which is considerably less than the average. 

 Hence it is seen that there must be nearly twenty per cent, 

 of water in butter to dissolve one ounce of salt and com- 

 pletely avoid the presence of salt crystals in it. But 

 when this amount of moisture exists in the butter a large 

 part of it will be worked out after the salt has been 

 dissolved. In the majority of cases, perhaps, butter of 

 the ordinary character salted at the rate of one ounce to 

 the pound will lose nearly one-half of it by drainage, and 

 if the butter — as is exceedingly probable — contains some 



