CKEAMERIES. 315 



ing them well is apparent. The milk is drawn by a 

 faucet from the bottom of the can, leaving the cream, 

 which is then drawn off into the cream -gatherer's pails. 

 The quantity of cream is" noted and a ticket is given for 

 it, and these tickets are paid for at the end of every 

 month in cash when presented at the office of the 

 creamery. In co-operative creameries a certain price is 

 fixed for the season, in accordance with the price of but- 

 ter, and leaving a small fund in hand, which is divided 

 at the end of the season ; or the price of the cream is 

 raised from time to time, as can be afforded. In private 

 creameries the cream is bought and paid for at a fixed 

 rate as the butter market may afford. 



The creamery system is of general application, and may 

 be made available both for the associated dairies, and for 

 large single dairies. Its greatest and most effective de- 

 velopment, however, is through association, by which a 

 large number of farmers and small dairymen may enjoy 

 all its benefits. There are creameries which work up the 

 product of several hundred cows and are patronized by 

 fifty or more farmers. Deep setting requires much less 

 space than shallow setting, and this economy of space 

 lessens the necessary amount of floor room in the cream- 

 ery, which, of course, reduces the cost of the building, 

 The cost of the necessary apparatus for a 600-cow 

 creamery, with cheese-making furniture complete, in- 

 cluding a six-horse power steam engine and an eight- 

 horse power boiler, amounts to about $1,500. The cost 

 of a small creamery for butter alone for eighty to one 

 hundred cows would be little more than $350, includ- 

 ing the building, if the deep pails be used, and strict 

 economy be exercised. 



Such a creamery as this, arranged on a low basis of 

 cost, may be constructed as -follows : — A frame building 

 with double walls, the studs being six inches wide and 

 covered under the boarding with air-tight roofing paper. 



