844 THE daikyman's MAKUAL. 



The Mechanism of Cheese Making is now' to be 

 considered. This has been more highly developed in 

 America than in any other country, although foreign 

 dairymen are rapidly adopting the American system and 

 practice. The factory system, as it is called, is now al- 

 most universally joracticed. A few farm dairies are still 

 worked, bat even in these the method is practically that 

 of the factory on a small scale. This system was 

 begun in 1860 by a dairyman named Jesse Williams, 

 who lived near Rome, in Oneida Co., New York, and 

 who was drawn into it by force of circumstances, and for 

 the sake of convenience, just as the factory system of 

 making cotton and woolen goods, iron goods, nails, and 

 other products of general use, grew from family work at 

 home into concentrated industries in buildings especially 

 fitted with labor-saving machinery for these m^mufac- 

 tures. It was a foregone conclusion, from the necessities 

 of the case, that the household manufacture of cheese 

 upon dairy farms should be supplanted by associated 

 enterprise in this direction, because the isolated farm 

 dairy cannot produce cheese nearly as cheaply as several 

 dairies working together can do. And in the case of 

 Jesse WilUams, it was first the union of a family of cheese 

 makers to secure the skill of tlie father in helping to work 

 up the product of his own dairy and those of his sons 

 wliich in time led to the establishment of the thousands 

 of factories now in operation. 



Necessarily this concentration of labor and apparatus 

 greatly reduces the cost of manufacture, for whereas it 

 costs nearly two cents a pound to make up the milk of 

 twenty cows into cheese, the milk of forty cows can bo 

 made up for less than one cent a pound ; and while the 

 building and apparatus for working up the milk of forty 

 cows costs $300 or -$400, a factory in which the milk of 

 twenty times as many cows can be worked up will cost 

 scarcely more than six times as much, and where the 



