414 THE dairyman's manual. 



spring, a stove with a hot water reservoir, a low sink for 

 washing utensils in and connected with a drain which 

 emptied into a stream near by, a table, a hot box, churn, 

 and butter-worker. The stove was heated only upon 

 the days when churning was done or in very cold weather 

 to make work in the tank-room more comfortable. The 

 milk strained in the barn was again strained before it 

 was put in the tank. The tank was provided with cross- 

 bars of galvanized iron set in the bricks, and making a- 

 number of spaces in which the pails were set so that they 

 could not overturn when phmged to nearly their entire 

 depth in the water. The cream, skimmed every twenty- 

 four hours, was kept in the tank until the evening before 

 it was to be churned, when it was put in the hot box to 

 be ripened. This box had double sides, bottom, and 

 cover, and was lined with sheet cork inside to retain the 

 heat. Two deep pails of hot water — not so hot as to 

 make steam — and closely covered, were put in the box, 

 and the cream cans with them. Eighteen hours in this 

 box thus warmed with water at one hundred and twenty 

 degrees brought the cream up to seventy degrees, and 

 when put into the churn, warmed by a dash of hot water, 

 was never less than sixty-five degrees when the churning 

 began. The room was heated to sixty-five or seventy 

 degrees during the churning. The churn used was the 

 rectangular or the Blanchard, both kinds being used 

 during the numerous experiments made on the action 

 and eSects of churning. The former has no dasher, the 

 latter has a most convenient one, and this is practically 

 all the difference between them. Both make the granu- 

 lar butter, if the churning is stopped at the right time, 

 and the butter can be washed free from the buttermilk 

 in either of them. 



The other milk-room, a basement cellar, opening into 

 a room heated by a stove, was furnished with shelves 

 arranged on three sides of it. It was lighted and venti- 



