WIKTEK DAIRYING. 415 



lated by a window near the ceiling on the north side; the 

 walls were of stone and quite thick — one foot above the 

 ground, where the slope was highest, and four feet lower 

 down. It was furred and lathed and plastered ; the floor 

 was cement ; the room oyer it was a parlor of the house 

 and was constantly heated. Thus the temperature was 

 very uniform, and sixty-five degrees was maintained in it 

 quite easily by opening the door of the adjoining room, 

 which was used for churning and washing utensils. The 

 shelves were in three tiers and made of four strips one 

 and one-quarter inches thick and three wide, set on edge 

 so that the air could circulate all around the pans with- 

 out impediment; to aid this the strips were beyeled on the 

 top to an edge. The shelves were fourteen inches wide 

 and ten inches apart; the top shelf was covered with a 

 wide board to prevent any dust from settling down upon 

 the milk. The pans were of pressed tin, fourteen inches 

 in diameter and four'inches deep, and were filled three 

 inches deep with milk, making eight quarts. The milk, 

 after setting in the usual way, was skimmed at the end of 

 thirty-six hours by floating off the film of cream into a 

 suitable jar with as small a quantity of milk as possible. 

 The cream, kept thirty-six hours longer and stirred when 

 new cream was put in with it, was but slightly acid at 

 the end of this period, and was in just the right condition 

 for churning. When it was not churned alone for ex- 

 periment this cream was put in the churn with that 

 from the deep pails; being already at a right temperature 

 and ripe for use. 



All through this work every attention was paid to pre- 

 serve perfect purity of the air and cleanliness of the uten- 

 sils — a drop of spilled cream or milk was at once wiped 

 and washed off the floor, no smoking or chewing tobacco 

 was permitted in or about the milk-houses, ventilation was 

 given when the air was dry and pure, and moisture was 

 moderated, when in excess in damp and foggy weather, 



